Most members of this genus cause diseases in plants and, historically, it is important to remember that E. As is common in bacterial taxonomy in recent years, there have been a continuous description of novel Erwinia species as well as some species have been reclassified and transferred to other genera ( ). In the present review, we present the recent findings on virulence factors research, focusing on their role in bacterial pathogenesis and indicating other virulence factors that deserve future research to characterize them.Įrwinia amylovora is the type species of the genus Erwinia that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Other differential factors, such as the presence and composition of an integrative conjugative element associated with the Hrp T3SS ( hrp genes encoding the T3SS apparatus), have been recently described. The LPS biosynthetic gene cluster is one of the relatively few genetic differences observed between Rubus- and Spiraeoideae-infecting genotypes of E. amylovora uses a complex regulatory network to sense the relevant environmental signals and coordinate the expression of early and late stage virulence factors involving two component signal transduction systems, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) and quorum sensing. To successfully establish an infection, E. amylovora have been characterized, including the Type III secretion system (T3SS), the exopolysaccharide (EPS) amylovoran, biofilm formation, and motility. Pathogen cells enter plants through the nectarthodes of flowers and other natural openings, such as wounds, and are capable of rapid movement within plants and the establishment of systemic infections.

Among the limited number of control options currently available, prophylactic application of antibiotics during the bloom period appears the most effective.

Erwinia amylovora, a Gram negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating plant disease affecting a wide range of host species within Rosaceae and a major global threat to commercial apple and pear production.

Erwinia amylovora treatment